Smart Agriculture: Sensor Node for Soil Classification & Pesticide Level Monitoring

With 3.9 million Cameroonians facing acute food insecurity, a low-cost sensor node was developed for soil classification and pesticide level monitoring in crops. Optical sensing using infrared, red and blue LEDs with a photodiode achieves optimal performance at a 60° sensor angle and 2–2.4 cm measuring distance. The node supports soil nutrient monitoring (N, P, K) and crop safety assessment for sustainable agricultural research.